OBJECTIVES: The estimated prevalence rate of patients living with HIV (PLHIV) infection in MENA region is one of the lowest worldwide (less than 0.1%) but paradoxically North Africa the HIV epidemic is growing. The aim of this work is to provide an update on the epidemiological perspective, highlighting the obstacles that PLHIV encounter in accessing care and vaccination.

METHODS: This comprehensive analysis involves pooling data from various sources, including WHO reports, national databases, scientific literature, ONUSIDA statistics, Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), Integrated biological and behavioral assessment reports (IBBS) and the national response report on HIV/AIDS.

RESULTS: The number of PLHIV, aged > 15, is estimated at 28,000 in 2022 (sex ratio 1:1) and 1,300 children. The majority of PLHIV (79%) were aware of being HIV-positive, and 63% are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Over the past five years new infection cases increased from 1,200 to 2,200 annually. Despite a low rate of prevalence (0.1%), MICS (2020) identified underreported higher rates among vulnerable groups due to stigma. IBBS (2019) reported that HIV rates were higher among Sex Workers (7.21%), Homosexual Men (2.3%), Drug Users (2.2%) and migrants (2.2%) emphasizing the need for targeted interventions.

The COVID-19 pandemic has broad impacts, affecting health, economy, and societal well-being for patients. Access to care for PLHIV is challenging in surgical specialties due to contamination risks and the medical care remains insufficient, hindered by the remoteness of the 15 HIV Care Reference Center (CDR). Additionally, inadequate vaccination rates remain a major challenge such as anti-pneumococcal and flu.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite progress in HIV awareness, challenges persist, highlighting the need for systematic vaccination recommendations for PLHIV and strengthening vaccination programs for at high-risk patients. Ongoing efforts in awareness campaigns, early detection and increasing the number of CDR is crucial for advancing public health in Algeria.