OBJECTIVES: This research aims to understand the current use of artificial intelligence (AI) in health technology appraisals (HTA) and available policies governing AI use in the UK and Ireland. The primary research includes exploring the current perspectives of HTA bodies, specifically the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the UK and the National Centre for Pharmacoeconomics (NCPE) in Ireland, on the use of AI in HTA processes.

METHODS: A targeted literature review was conducted to identify relevant records from January 2022 to June 2024. Searches were conducted in PubMed using a combination of terms to identify UK and Irish policies and publications on the governance of AI tools used in HTA submissions. During the research period, 1,328 unique articles were identified and screened based on title and abstract, 21 full articles were further assessed; 20 articles were then included in this review for narrative synthesis. To supplement the literature findings, key stakeholders from the NCPE and NICE were interviewed using a semi structured discussion guide.

RESULTS: The research highlighted that the specific areas where AI is expected to enhance HTA include data analytics, predictive modelling, and decision-making systems. The current literature findings emphasize the need to tighten governance in the use of AI in HTA to ensure patient safety. Further studies highlight attention to the applicability of AI tools in HTA, suggesting improvements through the introduction of AI-specific guidelines. Additionally, accountability measures are required to ensure transparency in the use of AI in HTA.

CONCLUSIONS: A clear framework for the ethical, efficient, and equitable application of AI in HTA is required. These guidelines should address key issues such as transparency and responsibility, ensuring that AI technologies are used to enhance the robustness and fairness of HTA processes in the UK and Ireland.