Prevalence and Risks of Mental Health Issues During the Postnatal Period

OBJECTIVES: Mothers tend to experience changes in mental health in the postnatal period. Our study aimed to assess the occurring mental health problems among mothers within 0-6 months after birth, as well as the factors contributing to their development.

METHODS: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted in 2023 among mothers with children aged 0-6 months using a convenience sampling method (n=94). Data collection was carried out through a specific online platform using self-administered and standardized questionnaires (EPDS, MOS SSS, STAI-State Anxiety Scale, Groningen Sleep Quality Scale, Parent-Infant Relationship Scale). χ² tests, ANOVA and t-tests were used for calculating results (p<0.05).

RESULTS: High levels of state anxiety were prevalent in 23.4% of mothers, and 30.85% were classified as high-risk for depression, which was typically associated with poorer sleep quality (state anxiety p<0.05, depression p<0.05). The dominant nature of the child increased the mother's risk of depression and anxiety (p<0.05), while positive emotions mediated by the child in the mother-child relationship were associated with lower anxiety (p<0.05). Nearly half of the sample exclusively breastfed their child. The presence of depression in the mother reduced the duration of exclusive breastfeeding (p<0.05). 10.64% reported complete fatigue, and 24.47% reported partial fatigue due to the rooming-in system, which was associated with higher risk for depression (p<0.05) and higher levels of anxiety (p<0.05). A supportive partnership significantly reduced the risk of developing depression and anxiety in terms of emotional-informational and and instrumental support, as well as positive social interactions (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Significant levels of high anxiety and depression risk in the postpartum period were indicated. It is necessary to prepare mothers for the rooming-in system and inform them about possibilites for support available during their hospital stay. Those with dominant-natured children and low social support require increased attention by professionals.