Deborah Freund, MA, MPH, Ph.D. is University Professor and President Emerita at Claremont Graduate University. In the past she served in administrative roles and as a faculty member at Syracuse University, Indiana University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She is known for being the first Medicaid Scholar in The United States, for working with governments on the implementation of Medicaid Managed Care, and for her previous research on The Outcomes and Costs of Knee Replacement Surgery. She also was the author of Australian Legislation that led to the adoption by the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee of the use of comparative cost effectiveness and reference pricing in national formulary decisions for the Australian Medicare Program. Her current research has focused on the impacts of the Medicaid Expansion under the ACA and of Consolidation on physician referrals. In the past she served as Executive Director of the American Society of Health Economists.